Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis> in vitro and in vivo

In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the function of silymarin in adipogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using in vitro and in vivo models. In experiment 1, differentiated grass carp pre-adipocytes were treated with silymarin for 6 days. Treatment with 100 μg mL^?1silymarin (SM100 group) significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation at day 6. The adipogenic gene expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and LPL, and the protein expression level of PPARγ were significantly down-regulated in the SM100 group. Additionally, the SM100 group had significantly lower reactive oxygen species production and reduced glutathione contents compared with the control in vitro. In experiment 2, the juvenile grass carp (mean body weight= 27.4 ± 0.17 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg^?1 silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8% lipid levels (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results demonstrated that dietary silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the elevated intraperitoneal fat index in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, and the gene expression of adipogenesis (PPARγ, FAS) when supplemented with dietary silymarin was notably lower than when no silymarin was supplemented under the high-lipid diets. Thus, our data suggest that silymarin suppressed lipid accumulation in grass carp both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect might be due to an influence on the expression of adipogenesis factors and ROS production partly associated with effects on antioxidant capability.     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。     

棉花“保险+期货”模式助力南疆主产棉区脱贫攻坚

通过解析棉花“保险+期货”模式的运行机制、优势及存在的不足，并提出了发展优质棉“订单生产+保险+期货”模式和引入银行、基金等信贷机构的建议，期望对南疆主产棉区贫困棉农增收致富、助力脱贫攻坚提供有益探索。     

棕色彩棉内在品质近红外光谱无损检测方法研究

为了探索快速、简便、无损、高效的棕色彩棉品质的检测方法，提出了采用近红外光谱技术结合偏最小二乘回归法（Partial least squares regression，PLS）快速无损检测棕色彩棉品质指标的方法。利用近红外光谱仪采集了651份新疆不同收获年份、不同品种的棕色彩棉样品的近红外光谱，选取1 300～1 670 nm和1 870～2 430 nm组合波段为建模波段，采用Savitzky-Golay平滑＋Savitzky-Golay一阶导数光谱预处理方法和PLS法分别建立棕色彩棉马克隆值和断裂伸长率的近红外光谱定量校正模型。结果表明，该定量校正模型的预测性能较好，能够应用于棕色彩棉马克隆值和断裂伸长率的无损快速预测。 关键词：天然棕色彩棉；近红外光谱；马克隆值；断裂伸长率；定量预测模型     

化学打顶剂在甘肃棉花上的应用效果

2015年在甘肃敦煌植棉区，应用2种化学打顶剂进行不同施用时间和剂量的田间试验表明，土优塔化学打顶剂在6月28日前后、以900 mL·hm^－2的剂量使用，对棉花有较好的封顶效果，对产量及产量构成因子和纤维长度影响不大。2016年示范结果与2015年试验一致     

电子束技术在竹材仓储中的应用前景

基于电子束技术处理仓储竹材和竹制品，是核技术和林业产业交叉发展的高科技产业。将电子束技术引入竹子仓储加工领域，使辐照代替竹材化学防护剂，辐射能代替热能，可显著降低能源消耗，符合我国节能减排、环境友好等基本国策。文章在总结竹材γ射线辐照改性技术研究的基础上，阐述了“电子加速器及其衍生技术”引入竹材改性领域的优越性，可以替代⁶⁰Co实现辐照加工竹材，解决当前辐照技术在竹质材料领域应用的科学性问题，并提出基于电子束技术的竹材仓储加工和功能性改良发展方向，对于推动竹材仓储加工技术的升级，实现竹材电子束处理技术的高效化、精准化、规模化、市场化，具有深远的科学意义。     

小麦骨干亲本‘鲁麦14’的育种价值分析

为更加科学地开展小麦理论研究和提高育种成效,对‘鲁麦14’的构思设计与创制思路、突出特点和以‘鲁麦14’为亲本选育出的品种进行了系统分析。从2001年到2018年,中国科学院、中国农科院、中国农业大学和山东、江苏、河北、安徽、河南、山西、陕西、新疆、贵州、天津9省1市的89家科研单位和育种企业,以‘鲁麦14’为亲本直接育成品种39个、间接育成品种92个,这些品种通过9省2市166次审（认）定和36次国家审定。‘鲁麦14’作为新一代骨干亲本,为全国的小麦生产和育种工作做出了突出贡献。     

基于土壤微波辐射布儒斯特角反演土壤含水率

在利用被动微波遥感技术进行裸露地表土壤含水率(Soil Moisture Content,SMC)的反演中,土壤粗糙度是制约反演精度的最关键因素。该研究利用改进的积分方程模型(Advanced Integral Equation Model,AIEM)进行地表多角度微波发射率的模拟,探索地表微波辐射多角度信息用于提高地表SMC反演精度的可行性。基于不同SMC和不同粗糙度地表多角度V极化发射率数据的变化趋势提取土壤介质布儒斯特角,结果表明,土壤布儒斯特角对SMC具有较高的敏感性,C波段(6.6 GHz)不同含水率土壤的布儒斯特角分布在60°～80°范围内。基于AIEM模拟数据的分析发现,土壤布儒斯特角正切值与SMC具有较好的线性关系,线性拟合决定系数为0.94,均方根误差为0.027cm~3/cm~3,并得到了基于布儒斯特角的裸露地表SMC反演算法。基于模拟数据的算法验证结果表明,算法的SMC预测值与理论值的决定系数为0.95,均方根误差为0.024 cm~3/cm~3。算法在不同土壤粗糙度自相关函数下均表现出稳健的特性,SMC预测精度最大均方根误差为0.027 cm~3/cm~3,最小为0.023cm~3/cm~3。基于布儒斯特角的SMC反演算法利用的是多角度土壤发射率的相对变化而非其绝对数值,该研究为SMC的多角度被动微波遥感提供了一种不同的研究思路。     

The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases